Forming Letters

Learn where each letter starts and which way it travels.

  • Define and explain Forming Letters in your own words
  • Use key terms such as baseline accurately
  • Apply what you have learned to new examples and questions
  • Avoid the common mistakes learners make with this topic

This lesson focuses on Forming Letters: learn where each letter starts and which way it travels.

Definition: Forming Letters

Learn where each letter starts and which way it travels.

Key ideas

Start at the top

Almost every letter starts at the top and travels down or around. Starting letters in the right place keeps them neat and makes joining them later much easier.

Letters belong in families

Letters that share shapes are easier to learn together. Round letters like c, a, d and g all start the same way. Practising one family at a time means fewer shapes to remember.

Key term — baseline: The line that letters sit on. Round letters like a, c and o rest on the baseline.

Worked example: Forming Letters

Which of these letters have ascenders: b, a, h, g?

b and h.

Answer: b and h.

Common mistakes
  • Starting letters at the bottom Nearly all letters start at the top. Bottom-up letters are slow and hard to join later.
  • Gripping the pencil too tightly A tight grip makes hands ache and letters shaky. Hold the pencil gently, as if holding a baby bird.

Practice

Which of these letters have descenders: p, m, y, n?
Which drop below the line?

p and y.

Where should round letters like o sit?
Think about the baseline.

Resting on the baseline.

When do you use a capital letter?
Think of names and sentences.

At the start of a sentence and for names of people and places.

What is a tripod grip?
How many fingers?

Holding the pencil with the thumb and first two fingers.

Quick check

Forming Letters — quick check

Which of these best defines "baseline"?

The line that letters sit on. Round letters like a, c and o rest on the baseline.

How big should the space between words be?

About one finger-width.
Key takeaways
  • Forming Letters: learn where each letter starts and which way it travels.
  • Start at the top: Almost every letter starts at the top and travels down or around.
  • ascender: The tall part of a letter that rises above the rest, such as the top of b, d, h and k.
  • Watch out for: starting letters at the bottom